扩大消费、推进高质量消费是实现中国式现代化的重要途径。传统经济学和社会学研究强调消费者和消费侧因素，本文引入供给侧视角建构理论框架，从消费侧和供给侧全面系统考察消费行为的结构性约束。本文基于2021年中国社会状况综合调查（CSS）数据和区县层面的统计数据分析发现，个体层面的社会经济地位与宏观层面的物质供给均对居民消费具有显著影响；处于较高职业阶层、生活在较高城市化率或者有高铁地区的居民消费支出较高；宏观层面物质供给的提升可显著促进社会经济地位较高居民释放消费潜力。本研究为宏观供给如何影响消费提供了实证支持，并对如何扩大居民消费提供了新的政策思路。

Expanding consumption and achieving high-quality consumption is an important way to realize Chinese-style modernization. While traditional economics and sociology studies emphasize consumer and consumption-side factors, this paper introduces a "provision-side” perspective to build a theoretical framework that examines the structural constraints on consumption behavior more comprehensively and systematically from both the consumption and provision sides. Based on the data from the 2021 China Social Survey (CSS) and the statistical data at the district and county levels, this paper finds that both individual-level socioeconomic status and macro-level material provision significantly affect residents' consumption,with higher consumption expenditures among residents in higher occupational classes, living in areas with higher urbanization rates or having high-speed railways; and that an increase in material provision at the macro level can significantly promote the release of consumption potential among residents with higher socioeconomic status. This study provides empirical support for how macro provision affects consumption, and offers new policy ideas on how to expand residents' consumption.

朱迪、龚顺

本文系中国社会科学院重大创新项目“共同富裕的阶段性衡量标准”（2023YZD002）与国家社会科学基金重点项目“城镇居民绿色低碳社会生活方式研究”（22ASH012）的阶段性成果。

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