公众主观地位认同的提升是共同富裕不断推进的重要体现。与以往强调相对剥夺地位的影响不同，本文将社会比较的方向、效应和半径整合为“新社会比较理论”，探讨了向上比较与向下比较效应因比较半径的不同而变化的趋势。研究发现，个体经济地位的向上比较与向下比较对地位认同都具有显著影响，其中向上比较的负效应强于向下比较的正效应；双向比较的对比效应随地理范围的扩大而增强。这些发现揭示了抑制收入差距扩大对于改善民众低位认同及提升获得感的重要意义。

The enhancement of class identity is an important manifestation of the continuous promotion of common prosperity. In contrast to the previous study that emphasized the effect of relative deprivation, this paper integrates the direction, effect and radius of social comparison into a "new social comparison theory" and explores the trend of the effect of upward and downward comparison with the radius of comparison. It finds that both upward and downward comparisons of individual economic status have significant effects on class identity, with the negative effect of upward comparisons stronger than the positive effect of downward comparisons; the contrast effect of two-way comparisons increases with the expansion of geographical range. These findings reveal the importance of curbing income disparity in improving people's lower class identity and enhancing their sense of gain.

张文宏、刘飞、项军

本研究为“上海市哲学社会科学学术话语体系建设基地中国转型社会学”以及国家社会科学基金青年项目“政府再分配对微观社会心态的影响机制研究”（项目编号：20CSH074）阶段性成果。

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