School， Local Society and the Organizational Form of Early CCP： A Case Study of Jiangxi Province before the Northern Expedition

提要：以往学界的研究更多是从“技术环境”切入对中国共产党早期组织的研究，而本文着力分析了中国共产党早起组织发展中的两个关键的“制度环境”：学校与地缘。本文将中共党史与民国政治史、教育史和社会史结合组织的形成和发展一方面嵌入在民国政治和教育格屙中，另一方面嵌入在传统社会关系中。首先，由“国民党系人士”控制的新式学校，为中国共产党的组织发展提供了合法性的基础；而普通中学与师范学校的不同类型又促生了中共不同的组织结构。其次，在中共组织发展中，地缘与学缘能否结合，要看学校的生源是否覆盖该地区，还要看中共组织领导人在当地是否有很深的社会基础；而滨海临江交通便利地区与中共早期组织网络之间存在着密切的关联。最后，中共早期组织网络的形成对世家子弟或富家子弟的资源多有借革命时期乃至整个新民主主义革命时期的流变具有重要的启示意义。

This paper integrates CCP history， political history， educational history and social history of Republican China， and studies the organizational form of Jiangxi Communist Party and Communist Youth League before the Northern Expedition. The formation and development of the organization of early CCP was on the one hand embedded in the situation of Republican China’s politics and education， on the other hand embedded in traditional social relations. First， modern schools controlled by KMT personages from aristocratic family provided the base of legitimacy for CCP’s organizational development. Different types of secondary schools and normal schools had generated different organizational structures of CCP. Second， in the development of CCP’s organization， the combination of local relations and scholastic relations depended on several factors， such as recruiting students in certain regions， and the leader of the CCP organization having plenty of social connections in the local area. There is close relevance between the coastal areas which had convenient transportation and the organizational network of early CCP. Finally， the formation of early CCP’s organizational network drew support from the resources of the descendant of aristocratic family or rich family. The study of the origin of the organizational form of early CCP will contribute to the understanding of CCP’s organizational transition in the Soviet Revolution period.

应星

本文是作者主持的2014年教育部哲学社会科学项目“革命政党与乡村社会：中国共产党的早期组织形态研究”的阶段性成果。

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