The Social Foundation of Modern Politics：Durkheim on the History and Reality of Political Society

从社会范畴思考现代政治问题，是涂尔干社会学思想的重要起点和内容。本文试图重考涂尔干的早期著作，追溯涂尔干是如何完成从政治范畴到社会范畴转换，并建立起一套有关现代政治的社会理论的。本文认为，涂尔干的两个社会团结类型在某种程度上延续了自13世纪以来用以构想现代国家的universitas和societas两个概念传统。在对这两个概念加以生理学转化的同时，涂尔干亦建立起了有关政治社会的演化历史和现实形态的学说。只有置于此背景下，涂尔干的职业群体理论才能得到恰当的理解。

Considering the modern political issues from the social perspective is an important starting point and content of Emile Durkheim’s sociological thought. This article attempts to re-examine Durkheim’s early works, traces Durkheim’s transformation from “political” to “social” and try to find out that how he established the social theory for modern politics. This paper argues that Durkheim’s two types of social solidarity to some extent is in the two conceptual traditions of universitas and societas which have been used since the thirteenth century to envision the modern States. While Durkheim did a physiologic transformation of these two concepts, he also established a theory about the evolutionary history and Reality of political society. Durkheim’s professional group theory can only be properly understood if it is placed in this context.

李英飞

本文是国家社科基金青年项目“涂尔干及其学派的社会本体论思想及其对当代的现实意义研究”（17CSH004）系列成果之一。

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