Shame，Self and the Modern Society：From Simmel, Elias to Goffman

无论人类学的耻感文化研究，还是以舍夫为代表的当代学者对齐美尔、埃利亚斯、戈夫曼等人有关羞耻的思想的社会心理学解释，都忽视了羞耻对于现代“抽象社会”的重要意义。实际上，从齐美尔的形式社会学到埃利亚斯的型构社会学和戈夫曼的结构社会学，羞耻背后的核心问题始终是自我与现代“抽象”社会之间的张力。现代社会的“抽象性”及其导致的社会距离、社会利益甚至个体自我的暧昧性，是羞耻产生的结构性根源。因此，羞耻不仅是偏差行为的心理动机和非西方社会的主导情感，而且是理解现代社会与文明进程的关键。

The anthropologists’ investigation of the shame culture and recent interpretations of the notion of shame by sociologists neglect the significance of shame to the modern “abstract society”. In fact，from Georg Simmel’ formal sociology to Norbert Elias’s sociology of the figurations and Erving Goffman’s sociology of interaction，the core problem of shame is the tension between the self and the modern society as abstract forms， complex figurations or organizational structures. The ambivalence of social distance， social interests and the self，emerged from the abstractness of the modern society，is the structural origin of shame. By reformulating Simmel，Elias and Goffman’s thoughts on shame，a more integrated theory of shame can be formed.

王佳鹏

本文是国家社科基金青年项目（15CSH003）和南京大学优秀博士研究生创新能力提升计划（201601B029）的阶段性成果。

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