From Seele to Mind：A Sociological Study of Knowledge on the Rationalization of Psychoanalysis

本文考察了精神分析的经典文本知识在传播过程中的理性化现象。围绕着这种知识的作者、译者、受众和社会历史背景所共同构成的场域，本文力图发掘弗洛伊德的德文原著在被翻译成英文并且冠名为“标准版”的过程中所发生的与精神分析实践相关的系统理性化过程。本文发现，在弗洛伊德标准版英文译文集之中出现的翻译问题，不能仅仅从译者的学术主张来解释，而是要将其与精神分析的传播发展共同放置在相应的历史社会背景中去理解。在这个理性化过程中，在弗洛伊德原著中所关心的灵魂问题变成了科学式心理问题。对于这一现代知识现象的讨论有助于我们理解现代社会科学的内在理路及其困境。

From the perspective of the sociology of knowledge，this paper analyzes the rationalization of classical psychoanalytic text knowledge during its diffusion. Working on a sphere of knowledge constituted by the author，translator，readers and the social-historical context，this paper tries to map out the process of a systematic rationalization represented by the translation of Sigmund Freud’s works from German into English. This paper finds out that the problem of this translation cannot be explained merely by the translator’s views，but should consider the socio-historical background. Within this process of rationalization，the problem of the soul，which occupies the center of Freud’s writings，becomes a scientific psychological issue. As a modern phenomenon of knowledge， this transformation can help us understand modern social science and its internal dilemma.

孙飞宇

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