On Individual Welfare and Responsibilities of State and Society

福利是社会理论中的重要概念,与人类的根本价值追求有直接的关系。但关于福利的本质学术界却有不同的看法。在个人福利与国家和社会的关系上,计划经济时期我们倡导的是国家、集体利益至上。改革开放以来,我们越来越承认人是根本目的,承认应该"以人为本"。但是,在个人福利与他人福利、个人福利与国家和社会的关系问题上还需要从理论上进一步澄清。本文主要以黄有光和阿马蒂亚.森对福利概念的解释为基础,论述了福利的本质就是个人因有真实机会实现自己有价值的功能导致的快乐、幸福。快乐、幸福是人所追求的终极价值,社会发展的目的是增进所有社会成员的福利。但是,这并非意味着所有的社会成员都只关心自己的福利。个人对他人的福利、国家和社会对个人的福利都应该或必须承担一定的责任。 

Social welfare is directly related to the pursuit of human fundamental value , 244 and it is a very important concept in social theories.However, there are different views on the essence of welfare.On the relationship of individual welfare and the state and society , we advocated the superiority of state interest and collectivity interest in the period of Planned Economy .Since the Reform and Opening-up, we gradually acknowledged that human is the basic aim and that we should be “ people-oriented” .However, the relationships between individual welfare and others' welfare , individual welfare and state and society should be further clarified in the theory.Based on Huang Youguang' s and Amartya Sen' s comprehensions of welfare concept, the author argues that the essence of welfare is happiness and eudemonia which is a result of individual' s real opportunity to realize personal valuable functions.The aim of social development is to enhance social members' welfare , but it doesn' t mean that all the social members only take care of their own welfares .Individuals should take responsibilities to others' welfare , as well as state and society take responsibilities to individual welfare

杨伟民

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