The House and the Dice: A case study of the

在礼物—交换理论中,“互惠”是一个支配性的概念,费孝通提出的“反馈模式”也深受影响。本文基于一个浙江村落的民族志资料,考察了“家户经济”中财富的流通模式,并反思了互惠概念在解释中国社会方面的有效性及其限度。在村落和家户中,互惠行为的确占有相当重要的地位,如工作、交易、人情来往、赌博等。与此同时,在家户经济中,还有一些“不可转让之物”,如土地、坟墓、房屋等财产,这些“传家宝”只能向下逐代传递,而不能进入流通的领域。在这一意义上,在研究汉人社会时,运用费孝通的“反馈模式”,也应考虑他关于“根”的论述。

In the theory of gift-exchange，the concept of reciprocity has always been a dominant word，which has deep influence on Fei Hsiao-t'ung's “the Feedback Mode” household property，and reflects the efficiency and limitation of the concept of reciprocity． In the context of household and village，the norm of reciprocity plays an important role，in the forms of work，transaction，give-and-take，and gambling，etc．Meanwhile，there are some ”inalienable” properties，that is to say， they are like the heirlooms，such as land，house，and tomb，which can only be inherited and kept by generations． Therefore，in the study of Chinese society，Fei’s concept of “root (gen)” should be considered juxtaposing complementarily with “the Feedback Mode”．

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