The Formation of the Working Class: A controversial topic

阶级形成是分析工人阶级的重要概念。本文通过文献梳理试图从阶级意识、阶级反抗的理由、阶级形成的场域、阶级形成的关键条件、阶级形成的模式等五个方面来展现阶级形成所包含的内容。在阶级意识层面,理论界存在自我生长和外在灌输两种意见；在反抗的理由层面,理论界存在反抗剥削、反抗商品化、反抗地位歧视三种见解；在关键条件层面,不同的研究者分别强调了新话语的形成、居住空间、组织、国家的重要作用；在形成场域层面,学术界围绕公共领域、生产领域、国家领域展开了争论；在形成模式层面,研究者存在一元论、二元论、多元论等不同的理论主张。

Class formation is an important concept to analyze the working class. This paper tries to review the existing literature on class formation from five dimensions; class consciousness, the reasons of class rebel, the critical conditions of class formation, the fields of class formation, and the modes of class formation. On the class consciousness level, opinions of self-growth and external infusion are sharply contrasted with each other. On the reasons of class rebel, scholars argue that there are three reasons; against exploitation, against commercialization, and against status discrimination. Regarding the critical conditions of class formation, different researchers have emphasized the different roles of new discourse, living space, organization, and the state. As to the field of class formation, scholars argue that the public domain, the factory, and the state are all possible areas. On the level of the modes of class formation, there are monism, dualism, and pluralism in the existing literature.

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