Guanxi and Strategy: The daily stratagems of the Chinese

谋略是由中国文化脉络所滋生的一种心智及其行为,是依照阴阳思维方式演化而成的。其研究价值不但在于其内容的深邃,还来自于它不同于西方社会科学方法论与知识论之发展。有关中国人谋略的研究不能只关注于它如何争夺利益的一面,还应该看到它在一种社会结构中所形成的适应性方面。由于中国文化假定人心可以相通,日常互动又具有长时效性与低选择性的特征,因此其互动计策便会在以和谐为目标的阳性中表现为隐忍、人情、面子、情境中心、玩阴招等阴性特点,进而演化出戏剧性的特征。最后需要说明的是,有关谋略的现象不是博弈论可以讨论清楚的。

Strategy, bred by the Chinese culture, is consistent with the mode of thinking of Yin and Yang. The meaning of studying strategy not only lies in the complicated contents or schemes of strategy, but also because it is different from the development of Western social science methodology and epistemology. On the one hand, studies on the Chinese strategy should focus on how strategy is used for people's self-interests; on the other hand, scholars should pay close attention to the role of strategy in adapting to social structure. Because the Chinese culture assumes that the heart-mind of human beings can be commonly understood, and the daily social interactions of the Chinese are long term-oriented and lowly selective, therefore, the interactive strategy of the Chinese is harmony-oriented and favor and face are emphasized in daily life. Finally, the author argues that game theory is far from enough in studying strategy in the Chinese context.

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